DPM Chapter 53-Luo Ying
Translated by Snowfall77
Luo Ying reached for Ye Fan, drawing him closer while she looked him up and down. After which she patted him on the shoulder, laughing: “The child has grown up! If I didn’t look closely, I might not recognize you! Very handsome, your father and mother must be……” She stopped there, suddenly realizing she might have said the wrong thing.
Ye Fan smiled and said: “You were always pretty, and you haven’t changed. I recognized you right away. My parents……Anyways, I’m fortunate, I’m still alive. No need to dwell on it.”
Returning Ye Fan’s smile, Luo Ying looked at Wu Xingyun, asking Ye Fan: “This is your friend?”
“Mmm.” A second later, Ye Fan vigorously nodded: “He’s my……Very good friend. Without him, there’d be no me.”
“Turns out to be a ‘hao jiyou’ (slang-gay partner).” Luo Ying teased.
Slightly blushing, Ye Fan knew Luo Ying was only joking, but he couldn’t resist sneaking a peek at the blank-faced Wu Xingyun. Hao jiyou. Ye Fan liked those words very much.
As the three spoke, the company of troops also stopped, Luo Ying introducing them one after another.
It was a grounds force unit. The Company Commander was called Lu Shi and its Instructor was He Renyuan. These two men led a team of hundreds, faithfully carrying out their missions.
Then Luo Ying pointed at the man in the white suit next to her and said: “This is my husband, Ouyang Yi.”
Wu Xingyun, only just recovered from the astonishment of meeting the Luo Ying, was shocked when he heard her introduce her husband.
The name Ouyang Yi wasn’t familiar to Wu Xingyun, however the man’s appearance……
By means of the surrounding lanterns, Wu Xingyun sized up the man from top to bottom.
Slender build, tilted eyes, elegant brows. A generally attractive man. Wu Xingyun was unimpressed though, because—this man and Ouyang Liu, their physical resemblance was as high as eighty percent!
Wu Xingyun was almost certain this Ouyang Yi was an ancestor of the Federation’s Ouyang family.
In the Federation, the Ouyang family was quite rich, owning many genetic engineering companies. No one could look down on them, they were a force to be reckoned with, even though their ancestors weren’t renowned or famous. But, according to the level of Wu Xingyun’s middle school history lessons, no one knew Luo Ying had a husband with the surname Ouyang.
Feeling that his understandings were being remade again and again, Wu Xingyun had a strange desire to avoid this Ouyang Yi. And he couldn’t help glancing at Ye Fan.
Mozun had to have known all this……Yet, at that time, Mozun and Ouyang Liu had flaunted their public displays of affection. Ouyang Liu had sat on Mozun’s lap and slobbered all over him!
Mozun’s slag level was quite high!
Unbeknownst to Ye Fan, his recently-risen favorable impression in Wu Xingyun’s heart sank yet again.
Ye Fan courteously extended a hand to Ouyang Yi: “Hello, nice to meet you.”
Ouyang Yi didn’t shake hands with Ye Fan. Instead, he examined Ye Fan coldly, afterwards turning his head to Luo Ying to say: “I’ve never heard you speak of him.”
A hint of embarrassment straining her face, Luo Ying reached over to Ye Fan, ignoring her husband’s words and changing the subject.
Wu Xingyun and Ye Fan joined the company. Ouyang Yi rarely spoke, appearing standoffish, while Ye Fan and Luo Ying seemed very familial, talking to each other a lot. Rather bored, Wu Xingyun asked the Company Commander Lu Shi: “Sir, you’re……Can we accompany your troop?”
Lu Shi smiled at Wu Xingyun: “Yes. You belong to the Army?”
Surprised, Wu Xingyun questioned: “How did you know I’m in the army?” After three months of hard travel, the worn out uniform he’d acquired had long since become unrecognizable and more like beggar’s clothing.
Patting Wu Xingyun on the shoulder, Lu Shi replied: “Anyone would know from the way you walk!” Lu Shi shouted behind him: “Someone bring a spare gun over!”
Another soldier promptly handed a gun to Wu Xingyun. Hesitating, Wu Xingyun said: “This……You’re carrying out a mission, it’s not appropriate that I follow. Don’t you want to report to your superiors first……”
Before Wu Xingyun could finish his words, Lu Shi laughed: “No need, many of our troops are newbies who’ve only just joined. And we’re looking for veterans. When we get back, my regimental command will praise me for bringing someone in!”
Seeing how straightforward Lu Shi was, Wu Xingyun appreciated the man at once. Nodding, Wu Xingyun checked the gun, and inquired: “What kind of mission is this? Is it already completed or no?”
In turn, Lu Shi asked in a loud voice: “Leader Luo, can I tell about the mission?”
Luo Ying was chatting away with Ye Fan. Hearing Lu Shi’s question, she opened her mouth to answer, but before she could Ouyang Yi turned and haughtily interjected: “The mission is classified. Have you forgotten what classified means, Captain Lu?”
Lu Shi didn’t respond. Wu Xingyun thought he’d found quite the military to follow. Still, it’d be safer to be on a team with weapons and equipment. He wanted to discuss it with Ye Fan, yet Ye Fan continued to be occupied with Luo Ying.
Wu Xingyun saw Luo Ying wiping tears from her face. Then Ye Fan took out the notebook, photo, and USB stick, handing them over to Luo Ying.
Ye Fan must have told Luo Ying of her father’s death.
Afterwards Wu Xingyun watched Ouyang Yi walk over to Luo Ying and pull her aside, the two them talking privately.
They were too far away to overhear. Nonetheless, judging from their expressions, they appeared to be arguing over something.
Ye Fan, not wanting to meddle in the couple’s affairs, strode back to Wu Xingyun’s side, bowing his head to the soldier and softly smiling.
“What are you smiling about?” Asked Wu Xingyun.
Shaking his head, Ye Fan didn’t want to say he’d merely been thinking of Luo Ying’s words “hao jiyou” again.
Everyone waited a while until Luo Ying and Ouyang Yi were done with their conversation. Finished with her husband, Luo Ying came over to Lu Shi and said: “We need to have a meeting.”
Lu Shi nodded. The instructor He Renyuan, Lu Shi, Ouyang Yi, and Luo Ying formed a small circle, while the rest of the hundred odd people stood guard.
Luo Ying called to Wu Xingyun and Ye Fan: “You two come over too!”
Obeying her words, Wu Xingyun and Ye Fan joined.
The six people together, Luo Ying said: “Yi and I discussed it, and I think it’s necessary to tell our newcomers the situation. Because they’ve just barely come out of that forest and they’ve encountered our target.”
Ouyang Yi stood with his arms folded, a little to one side, not speaking, while Lu Shi and He Renyuan regarded Ye Fan and Wu Xingyun with a little astonishment.
Wu Xingyun asked warily: “Luo Ying, the target……Would it be that forest monster that’s a like a hybrid of a human and a tree?”
As soon as Wu Xingyun voiced his question, a silence fell over the little group.
After a long moment, Luo Ying answered: “Yes, it was a failure of our laboratory. It escaped, and I’m going to handle it.”
Before Luo Ying was finished, Ouyang Yi interrupted her, his tone resentful: “Just talk about the mission! They don’t need to know so much.”
“What’s the matter?” Luo Ying addressed her husband. “Anyways, we all know this a life-threatening situation. Why not make everything clear?”
Ouyang Yi snorted, not speaking again.
Luo Ying continued to Ye Fe and Wu Xingyun: “This mission is very dangerous. You two, my husband and I, we’re the only ones who’ve seen that monster. I think your input will certainly help. At the very least, we can try to keep these soldiers from making unnecessary sacrifices.”
Having said that, Luo Ying’s expression was rightfully apologetic, Lu Shi’s and He Renyuan’s faces were appropriately stoic, and Ouyang Yi seemed slightly impatient.
“It was my negligence,” Luo Ying told them, “There was an accident in the lab. We were trying to make a dynamic plant suitable for human consumption. But we didn’t expect the gene chains to combine……”
Ouyang Yi broke in: “Long story short, the laboratory had a setback and a dangerous monster got loose. And now we’re here to take that thing back. The monster is strong, stubborn, and intelligent, so it’s going to demand a lot of work.”
Now it was Wu Xingyun’s turn to interrupt. “I saw the monster, it seemed to have a human shape……You guys……Were you doing genetic synthesis? I’m not trying to lay blame……”
Rising his eyebrows to lofty heights, Ouyang Yi scanned Wu Xingyun with a glance. “Don’t think just because you watched some cheesy sci-fi movie and learned a couple new words, that you can use them willy-nilly. It’s classified, not something for you to ask about. Besides……You wouldn’t even understand!”
Wu Xingyun clamped his mouth shut, and Luo Ying immediately changed the subject: “Company Commander Lu Shi will run the mission, Ye Fan should tell him what the monster is like now.”
So Ye Fan started talking about the monster’s general condition. Lu Shi solicited both Ye Fan’s and Wu Xingyun’s opinions, and decided to include the combat-capable Wu Xingyun on his team.
As for Ye Fan, Ouyang Yi, and Luo Ying, they would on wait on the periphery. Lu Shi also assigned a team of ten men to protect them.
After the plans of the hunt had been decided upon, Lou Ying specially took a minute to tell Ye Fan: “I know my husband is a little aloof and stern, but he’s not a bad man. Don’t take it heart.”
Studying at Luo Ying in the dark, Ye Fan could clearly discern a bruised lump sheltered under Luo Ying’s bangs. She’d obviously hurt her temple somehow.
Ye Fan saw no point in beating around the bush. “How’d you hurt your forehead?”
Self-consciously patting her bangs down, Luo Ying said: “I accidently bumped into something. This world is chaotic, you know. It’s normal to run into stuff when it’s pitch dark.”
“Oh.” Ye Fan eyed Ouyang Yi and then reexamined Luo Ying. A moment later, he told Luo Ying: “Before your father passed, I promised him I would take good care of you. Anyways, I’ll be your family in the future, and if someone bullies you, I’ll help you out of it.”
Pasting on an unnatural smile, Luo Ying swatted Ye Fan’s shoulder: “You’re talking nonsense, I’m doing very well.”
Then Luo Ying turned away at once, quickly going to Ouyang Yi’s side.
In the shadowy night, Ye Fan’s eyes momentarily darkened. He hoped he was thinking too much of nothing.
“Mmm.” A second later, Ye Fan vigorously nodded: “He’s my……Very good friend. Without him, there’d be no me.”
“Turns out to be a good friend.” Luo Ying teased.
朋友péngyou -friend (the word Ye Fan uses)
基友 jīyǒu -(slang) very close same-sex friend / gay partner (the word Luo Ying uses)
The vast majority of organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA consists of a chain made from four types of nucleotide subunits, each composed of: a five-carbon sugar (2-deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.[25]:2.1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene
Gene synthesis has emerged as a new application of genetic engineering, utilizing oligonucleotides and different methods of assembling these to generate stretches of double-stranded DNA usually cloned into a plasmid vector. The numerous methods employed today vary widely based on the length and complexity of the DNA, and depending on other factors such as intellectual property rights or high throughput and automation capability. Although synthetic genes can readily be ordered via the internet, the methods applied are usually basic genetic engineering methods and hence gene synthesis can be performed at the molecular biology bench using typical reagents and procedures. In general, DNA synthesis relies on assembling individually presynthesized oligonucleotides, typically by PCR-based reactions (e.g., SCR: sequential chain reaction), or by ligation of predefined reusable oligos (Slonomics technology) (Van den Brulle et al., 2008), followed by standard cloning procedures and final quality control.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/gene-synthesis
Artificial gene synthesis, or gene synthesis, refers to a group of methods that are used in synthetic biology to construct and assemble genes from nucleotides de novo. Unlike DNA synthesis in living cells, artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, allowing virtually any DNA sequence to be synthesized in the laboratory. It comprises two main steps, the first of which is solid-phase DNA synthesis, sometimes known as DNA printing.[1] This produces oligonucleotide fragments that are generally under 200 base pairs. The second step then involves connecting these oligonucleotide fragments using various DNA assembly methods. Because artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, it is theoretically possible to make a completely synthetic DNA molecules with no limits on the nucleotide sequence or size.
Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972.[2] Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.[3][4] More recently, artificial gene synthesis methods have been developed that will allow the assembly of entire chromosomes and genomes. The first synthetic yeast chromosome was synthesised in 2014, and entire functional bacterial chromosomes have also been synthesised.[5] In addition, artificial gene synthesis could in the future make use of novel nucleobase pairs (unnatural base pairs).[6][7][8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_gene_synthesis
DPM Chapter 53-Luo Ying
Translated by Snowfall77
Luo Ying reached for Ye Fan, drawing him closer while she looked him up and down. After which she patted him on the shoulder, laughing: “The child has grown up! If I didn’t look closely, I might not recognize you! Very handsome, your father and mother must be……” She stopped there, suddenly realizing she might have said the wrong thing.
Ye Fan smiled and said: “You were always pretty, and you haven’t changed. I recognized you right away. My parents……Anyways, I’m fortunate, I’m still alive. No need to dwell on it.”
Returning Ye Fan’s smile, Luo Ying looked at Wu Xingyun, asking Ye Fan: “This is your friend?”
“Mmm.” A second later, Ye Fan vigorously nodded: “He’s my……Very good friend. Without him, there’d be no me.”
“Turns out to be a ‘hao jiyou’ (slang-gay partner).” Luo Ying teased.
Slightly blushing, Ye Fan knew Luo Ying was only joking, but he couldn’t resist sneaking a peek at the blank-faced Wu Xingyun. Hao jiyou. Ye Fan liked those words very much.
As the three spoke, the company of troops also stopped, Luo Ying introducing them one after another.
It was a grounds force unit. The Company Commander was called Lu Shi and its Instructor was He Renyuan. These two men led a team of hundreds, faithfully carrying out their missions.
Then Luo Ying pointed at the man in the white suit next to her and said: “This is my husband, Ouyang Yi.”
Wu Xingyun, only just recovered from the astonishment of meeting the Luo Ying, was shocked when he heard her introduce her husband.
The name Ouyang Yi wasn’t familiar to Wu Xingyun, however the man’s appearance……
By means of the surrounding lanterns, Wu Xingyun sized up the man from top to bottom.
Slender build, tilted eyes, elegant brows. A generally attractive man. Wu Xingyun was unimpressed though, because—this man and Ouyang Liu, their physical resemblance was as high as eighty percent!
Wu Xingyun was almost certain this Ouyang Yi was an ancestor of the Federation’s Ouyang family.
In the Federation, the Ouyang family was quite rich, owning many genetic engineering companies. No one could look down on them, they were a force to be reckoned with, even though their ancestors weren’t renowned or famous. But, according to the level of Wu Xingyun’s middle school history lessons, no one knew Luo Ying had a husband with the surname Ouyang.
Feeling that his understandings were being remade again and again, Wu Xingyun had a strange desire to avoid this Ouyang Yi. And he couldn’t help glancing at Ye Fan.
Mozun had to have known all this……Yet, at that time, Mozun and Ouyang Liu had flaunted their public displays of affection. Ouyang Liu had sat on Mozun’s lap and slobbered all over him!
Mozun’s slag level was quite high!
Unbeknownst to Ye Fan, his recently-risen favorable impression in Wu Xingyun’s heart sank yet again.
Ye Fan courteously extended a hand to Ouyang Yi: “Hello, nice to meet you.”
Ouyang Yi didn’t shake hands with Ye Fan. Instead, he examined Ye Fan coldly, afterwards turning his head to Luo Ying to say: “I’ve never heard you speak of him.”
A hint of embarrassment straining her face, Luo Ying reached over to Ye Fan, ignoring her husband’s words and changing the subject.
Wu Xingyun and Ye Fan joined the company. Ouyang Yi rarely spoke, appearing standoffish, while Ye Fan and Luo Ying seemed very familial, talking to each other a lot. Rather bored, Wu Xingyun asked the Company Commander Lu Shi: “Sir, you’re……Can we accompany your troop?”
Lu Shi smiled at Wu Xingyun: “Yes. You belong to the Army?”
Surprised, Wu Xingyun questioned: “How did you know I’m in the army?” After three months of hard travel, the worn out uniform he’d acquired had long since become unrecognizable and more like beggar’s clothing.
Patting Wu Xingyun on the shoulder, Lu Shi replied: “Anyone would know from the way you walk!” Lu Shi shouted behind him: “Someone bring a spare gun over!”
Another soldier promptly handed a gun to Wu Xingyun. Hesitating, Wu Xingyun said: “This……You’re carrying out a mission, it’s not appropriate that I follow. Don’t you want to report to your superiors first……”
Before Wu Xingyun could finish his words, Lu Shi laughed: “No need, many of our troops are newbies who’ve only just joined. And we’re looking for veterans. When we get back, my regimental command will praise me for bringing someone in!”
Seeing how straightforward Lu Shi was, Wu Xingyun appreciated the man at once. Nodding, Wu Xingyun checked the gun, and inquired: “What kind of mission is this? Is it already completed or no?”
In turn, Lu Shi asked in a loud voice: “Leader Luo, can I tell about the mission?”
Luo Ying was chatting away with Ye Fan. Hearing Lu Shi’s question, she opened her mouth to answer, but before she could Ouyang Yi turned and haughtily interjected: “The mission is classified. Have you forgotten what classified means, Captain Lu?”
Lu Shi didn’t respond. Wu Xingyun thought he’d found quite the military to follow. Still, it’d be safer to be on a team with weapons and equipment. He wanted to discuss it with Ye Fan, yet Ye Fan continued to be occupied with Luo Ying.
Wu Xingyun saw Luo Ying wiping tears from her face. Then Ye Fan took out the notebook, photo, and USB stick, handing them over to Luo Ying.
Ye Fan must have told Luo Ying of her father’s death.
Afterwards Wu Xingyun watched Ouyang Yi walk over to Luo Ying and pull her aside, the two them talking privately.
They were too far away to overhear. Nonetheless, judging from their expressions, they appeared to be arguing over something.
Ye Fan, not wanting to meddle in the couple’s affairs, strode back to Wu Xingyun’s side, bowing his head to the soldier and softly smiling.
“What are you smiling about?” Asked Wu Xingyun.
Shaking his head, Ye Fan didn’t want to say he’d merely been thinking of Luo Ying’s words “hao jiyou” again.
Everyone waited a while until Luo Ying and Ouyang Yi were done with their conversation. Finished with her husband, Luo Ying came over to Lu Shi and said: “We need to have a meeting.”
Lu Shi nodded. The instructor He Renyuan, Lu Shi, Ouyang Yi, and Luo Ying formed a small circle, while the rest of the hundred odd people stood guard.
Luo Ying called to Wu Xingyun and Ye Fan: “You two come over too!”
Obeying her words, Wu Xingyun and Ye Fan joined.
The six people together, Luo Ying said: “Yi and I discussed it, and I think it’s necessary to tell our newcomers the situation. Because they’ve just barely come out of that forest and they’ve encountered our target.”
Ouyang Yi stood with his arms folded, a little to one side, not speaking, while Lu Shi and He Renyuan regarded Ye Fan and Wu Xingyun with a little astonishment.
Wu Xingyun asked warily: “Luo Ying, the target……Would it be that forest monster that’s a like a hybrid of a human and a tree?”
As soon as Wu Xingyun voiced his question, a silence fell over the little group.
After a long moment, Luo Ying answered: “Yes, it was a failure of our laboratory. It escaped, and I’m going to handle it.”
Before Luo Ying was finished, Ouyang Yi interrupted her, his tone resentful: “Just talk about the mission! They don’t need to know so much.”
“What’s the matter?” Luo Ying addressed her husband. “Anyways, we all know this a life-threatening situation. Why not make everything clear?”
Ouyang Yi snorted, not speaking again.
Luo Ying continued to Ye Fe and Wu Xingyun: “This mission is very dangerous. You two, my husband and I, we’re the only ones who’ve seen that monster. I think your input will certainly help. At the very least, we can try to keep these soldiers from making unnecessary sacrifices.”
Having said that, Luo Ying’s expression was rightfully apologetic, Lu Shi’s and He Renyuan’s faces were appropriately stoic, and Ouyang Yi seemed slightly impatient.
“It was my negligence,” Luo Ying told them, “There was an accident in the lab. We were trying to make a dynamic plant suitable for human consumption. But we didn’t expect the gene chains to combine……”
Ouyang Yi broke in: “Long story short, the laboratory had a setback and a dangerous monster got loose. And now we’re here to take that thing back. The monster is strong, stubborn, and intelligent, so it’s going to demand a lot of work.”
Now it was Wu Xingyun’s turn to interrupt. “I saw the monster, it seemed to have a human shape……You guys……Were you doing genetic synthesis? I’m not trying to lay blame……”
Rising his eyebrows to lofty heights, Ouyang Yi scanned Wu Xingyun with a glance. “Don’t think just because you watched some cheesy sci-fi movie and learned a couple new words, that you can use them willy-nilly. It’s classified, not something for you to ask about. Besides……You wouldn’t even understand!”
Wu Xingyun clamped his mouth shut, and Luo Ying immediately changed the subject: “Company Commander Lu Shi will run the mission, Ye Fan should tell him what the monster is like now.”
So Ye Fan started talking about the monster’s general condition. Lu Shi solicited both Ye Fan’s and Wu Xingyun’s opinions, and decided to include the combat-capable Wu Xingyun on his team.
As for Ye Fan, Ouyang Yi, and Luo Ying, they would on wait on the periphery. Lu Shi also assigned a team of ten men to protect them.
After the plans of the hunt had been decided upon, Lou Ying specially took a minute to tell Ye Fan: “I know my husband is a little aloof and stern, but he’s not a bad man. Don’t take it heart.”
Studying at Luo Ying in the dark, Ye Fan could clearly discern a bruised lump sheltered under Luo Ying’s bangs. She’d obviously hurt her temple somehow.
Ye Fan saw no point in beating around the bush. “How’d you hurt your forehead?”
Self-consciously patting her bangs down, Luo Ying said: “I accidently bumped into something. This world is chaotic, you know. It’s normal to run into stuff when it’s pitch dark.”
“Oh.” Ye Fan eyed Ouyang Yi and then reexamined Luo Ying. A moment later, he told Luo Ying: “Before your father passed, I promised him I would take good care of you. Anyways, I’ll be your family in the future, and if someone bullies you, I’ll help you out of it.”
Pasting on an unnatural smile, Luo Ying swatted Ye Fan’s shoulder: “You’re talking nonsense, I’m doing very well.”
Then Luo Ying turned away at once, quickly going to Ouyang Yi’s side.
In the shadowy night, Ye Fan’s eyes momentarily darkened. He hoped he was thinking too much of nothing.
“Mmm.” A second later, Ye Fan vigorously nodded: “He’s my……Very good friend. Without him, there’d be no me.”
“Turns out to be a good friend.” Luo Ying teased.
朋友péngyou -friend (the word Ye Fan uses)
基友 jīyǒu -(slang) very close same-sex friend / gay partner (the word Luo Ying uses)
The vast majority of organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA consists of a chain made from four types of nucleotide subunits, each composed of: a five-carbon sugar (2-deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.[25]:2.1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene
Gene synthesis has emerged as a new application of genetic engineering, utilizing oligonucleotides and different methods of assembling these to generate stretches of double-stranded DNA usually cloned into a plasmid vector. The numerous methods employed today vary widely based on the length and complexity of the DNA, and depending on other factors such as intellectual property rights or high throughput and automation capability. Although synthetic genes can readily be ordered via the internet, the methods applied are usually basic genetic engineering methods and hence gene synthesis can be performed at the molecular biology bench using typical reagents and procedures. In general, DNA synthesis relies on assembling individually presynthesized oligonucleotides, typically by PCR-based reactions (e.g., SCR: sequential chain reaction), or by ligation of predefined reusable oligos (Slonomics technology) (Van den Brulle et al., 2008), followed by standard cloning procedures and final quality control.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/gene-synthesis
Artificial gene synthesis, or gene synthesis, refers to a group of methods that are used in synthetic biology to construct and assemble genes from nucleotides de novo. Unlike DNA synthesis in living cells, artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, allowing virtually any DNA sequence to be synthesized in the laboratory. It comprises two main steps, the first of which is solid-phase DNA synthesis, sometimes known as DNA printing.[1] This produces oligonucleotide fragments that are generally under 200 base pairs. The second step then involves connecting these oligonucleotide fragments using various DNA assembly methods. Because artificial gene synthesis does not require template DNA, it is theoretically possible to make a completely synthetic DNA molecules with no limits on the nucleotide sequence or size.
Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972.[2] Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.[3][4] More recently, artificial gene synthesis methods have been developed that will allow the assembly of entire chromosomes and genomes. The first synthetic yeast chromosome was synthesised in 2014, and entire functional bacterial chromosomes have also been synthesised.[5] In addition, artificial gene synthesis could in the future make use of novel nucleobase pairs (unnatural base pairs).[6][7][8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_gene_synthesis
